Oracle 12c SQL Fundamentals

Course Description

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Learning the SQL language is one of the most basic tasks required for the use of a relational database. SQL proficiency is essential for business users, database developers, database administrators and any other database professional. This course introduces the basics of the SQL language and the Oracle Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). One will become acquainted with the differences in the working environment between a traditional on-premise database installation and the Oracle database service cloud-computing platform. This course also considers intermediate-level SQL topics such as writing database queries using the SQL-99 syntax and exploiting the power of built-in functions that extend the capabilities of SQL. Since SQL is an industry standard language, many of the topics presented and many of the skills you will acquire will be applicable to other database platforms, such as Microsoft SQL Server, IBM DB2, the open-source databases MySQL and PostgreSQL, and others. This course takes a unique approach to SQL training in that it incorporates data modeling theory, relational database theory, graphical depictions of theoretical concepts and numerous examples of actual SQL syntax into one learning vehicle. You will learn how to complete of an application schema definition by creating database objects such as relational views, sequences, synonyms, indexes and others to compliment the table definitions. The crucial topic of data integrity and how this is protected using declarative constraints is covered. With this course, we will also leave the idyllic realm of the learning environment and begin to explore such practical real-world considerations as database object security and database performance.

Audience Profile

The target audience for this course is all Oracle professionals, both business and systems professionals. Among the specific groups for whom this course will be helpful are:

• Business and non-IT professionals
• Application designers and database developers
• Business Intelligence (BI) analysts and consumers
• Database administrators
• Web server administrators

Prerequisites

There are no prerequisites for this course

Learning Objectives

The first portion of this textbook considers the logical models upon which a relational database is based and the various configurations and environments in which you may work with the Oracle database. The next segment focuses on the actual SQL syntax for writing database queries. You will begin with the simplest of queries and then proceed onto moderately complex query scenarios. Finally, this textbook covers the DDL, DML and transaction control portions of the SQL language that allow one to create, maintain and manipulate application database objects and application data.

Course Outline

Module 1: Relational Databases & Data Models
Lessons
• About Data Models
• About the Relational Model
• The Electronics Data Model
• About the Relational DBMS

Module 2: Selection & Setup of the Database Interface
Lessons
• Considering Available Tools
• Selecting the Appropriate Tool
• Oracle Net Database Connections
• Oracle PAAS Database Connections
• Setup SQL Developer
• Setup SQL*Plus
• Setup Jdeveloper

Module 3: Using the Database Interface
Lessons
• About Bind & Substitution Variables
• Using SQL Developer
• Using SQL*Plus

Module 4: Introduction to the SQL Language
Lessons
• About the SQL Language
• Characteristics of SQL
• Introducing SQL Using Select
• SQL Rules

Module 5: The Select Statement
Lessons
• The Select Statement
• Distinct/Unique Keyword
• Using Alias Names

Module 6: Restricting Results with the Where Clause
Lessons
• About Logical Operators
• Equality Operator
• Boolean Operators
• REGEXP_LIKE()
• In Operator

Module 7: Sorting Data with the Order by Clause
Lessons
• About the Order by Clause
• Multiple Column Sorts
• Specify the Sort Sequence
• About Null Values within Sorts
• Using Column Aliases

Module 8: Pseudo Columns, Functions & Top-N Queries
Lessons
• Rowid Pseudo Column
• ORA_ROWSCN PSEUDO Column
• ROWNUM Pseudo Column
• About the Built-In Functions
• SYSDATE
• User & UID
• SESSIONTIMEZONE Function
• Using the Dual Table
• Row Limiting & Top-N Queries
• FETCH First x Rows Only Clause
• OFFSET x Rows Clause
• FETCH…PERCENT Clause
• The WITH TIES Option

Module 9: Joining Tables
Lessons
• About Joins
• Inner Joins
• Reflexive Join
• Non-Key Join
• Outer Join

Module 10: Using the Set Operators
Lessons
• About the Set Operators
• SQL Set Operator Examples
• UNION Example
• INTERECT Example
• MINUS Example
• UNION All

Module 11: Summary Functions Using Sub-Queries
Lessons
• Finding Data with Sub-Queries
• Standard Sub-Queries
• Correlated Sub-Queries
• The EXISTS Operator

Module 12: Aggregating Data within Groups
Lessons
• About Summary Groups
• Find Groups within the Tables
• Select Data from the Base Tables
• Select Groups from the Results

Module 13: Use DDL to Create & Manage Tables
Lessons
• Create Table Statement
• Column Data Types
• Not Null
• Default
• Describe
• Alter Table Statement
• Drop Table Statement
• Table DDL Using SQL Developer
• Alter User Statement
• Alter Session Statement
• NLS_Language
• NLS_Date

Module 14: Use DML to Manipulate Data
Lessons
• The Insert Statement
• The Delete Statement
• The Update Statement
• About Transactions
• Transaction Rollback
• Transaction Commit
• Transaction Savepoint
• The Set Transaction Statement
• Set Transaction Read Only Statement Rules

Module 15: Understanding the Data Models
Lessons
• The Company Data Model
• The Electronics Data Model

Module 16: About the SQL-99 Standard
Lessons
• SQL-92 & SQL-99
• Cross Joins
• Natural Joins
• Inner Joins
• Implicit Inner Join
• Outer Joins
• Anti Joins
• Named Sub-Queries

Module 17:
Lessons
• Using Rollup
• The Grouping() Function
• Using Cube

Module 18: SQL Functions: Character Handling
Lessons
• What are the SQL Functions?
• String Formatting Functions
• UPPER(), LOWER() Example
• INITCAP() Example
• Character Codes Functions
• CHR((), ASCII() Examples
• PAD & TRIM Functions
• RPAD() Example
• RTRIM() Example
• TRIM() Example
• String Manipulation Functions
• DECODE () Example
• SUBSTR() Example
• INSTR() Example
• TRANSLATE() Example
• REPLACE() Example
• String Comparison Functions
• LEAST() Example
• Phonetic Search Function
• SOUNDEX() Example

Module 19: SQL Functions: Numeric Handling
Lessons
• About the Numeric Data Functions
• GREATEST() Example
• ABS() Example
• ROUND() Example
• TRUNC() Example
• SIGN() Example
• TO_NUMBER() Example & Data ype Conversions
• NULL VALUES FUNCTIONS
• NVL() & NVL2() Function
• NVL() Example (Character)
• NVL() Example (Numeric Loss of Data)
• NVL() Example (Numeric Output)
• NVL2() Example
• COALESCE() Function
• NULLIF() Function

Module 20: SQL Functions: Date Handling
Lessons
• Date Formatting Functions
• TO_CHAR() & TO_DATE() Format Patterns
• TO_CHAR() Examples
• TO_DATE() Examples
• EXTRACT() Example
• Date Arithmetic Functions
• MONTHS_BETWEEN() Example
• ADD_MONTHS() Example
• LAST_DAY() Example
• NEXT_DAY() Example
• TRUNC(), ROUND() Dates Example
• NEW_ TIME() Example
• About V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
• CAST() FUNCTION & TIME ZONES

Module 21: Database Objects: About Database Objects
Lessons
• About Database Objects
• About Schemas
• Making Object References

Module 22: Database Objects: Relational Views
Lessons
• About Relations Views
• The Create View Statement
• Why Use Views?
• Accessing Views with DML
• Maintaining View Definitions
• Alter View
• Drop View
• DDL Using SQL Developer

Module 23: Database Objects: Indexes
Lessons
• About Indexes
• Create & Drop Index Statements
• Indexes & Performance
• Data Dictionary Storage

Module 24: Database Objects: Creating Other Objects
Lessons
• About Sequences
• Referencing NEXTVAL
• Referencing CURRVAL
• Within the DEFAULT Clause
• Alter Sequence & Drop Sequence
• ALTER SEQUENCE
• DROP SEQUENCE
• About Identity Columns
• CREATE TABLE…GENERATED AS IDENTITY
• ALTER TABLE…GENERATED AS IDENTITY
• Start with Limit Value
• ALTER TABLE…DROP IDENTITY
• About Synonyms
• CREATE & DROP SYNONYM Statements
• CREATE SYNONYM
• DROP SYNONYM
• Public Vs Private Synonyms
• CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION

Module 25: Database Objects: Object Management Using DDL
Lessons
• The RENAME Statement
• TABLESPACE Placement
• CREATE TABLE…TABLESPACE
• The Comment Statement
• The TRUNCATE TABLE Statement

Module 26: Database Objects: Security
Lessons
• About Object Security
• Grant Object Privileges
• Revoke Object Privileges
• Object Privileges & SQL Developer

Module 27: Data Integrity Using Constraints
Lessons
• About Constraints
• NOT NULL Constraint
• NOT NULL Example
• CHECK Constraint
• UNIQUE Constraint
• PRIMARY KEY Constraint
• REFERENCES Constraint
• ON DELETE CASCADE Example
• ON DELETE SET NULL Example
• Constraints on Existing Tables
• Constraints & SQL Developer

Module 28: Managing Constraint Definitions
Lessons
• RENAMING & DROPPING Constraints
• ENABLING & DISABLING Constraints
• DEFERRED Constraint Enforcement
• SET CONSTRAINTS
• Handling Constraint Exceptions
• Constraints with Views
• DATA Dictionary Storage

Module 29: The Data Dictionary Structure
Lessons
• More About the Data Dictionary
• OBJECT-SPECIFIC Dictionary Views
• USER_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS
• The Dictionary Structure
• METADATA & SQL Developer